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Love of All Wisdom

~ Philosophy through multiple traditions

Love of All Wisdom

Category Archives: Politics

Being yourself in the medieval era

07 Sunday May 2023

Posted by Amod Lele in Flourishing, Foundations of Ethics, German Tradition, Politics, Self, Western Thought

≈ 20 Comments

Tags

Charles Taylor, Epicurus, expressive individualism, Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Gottfried Herder, John Duns Scotus, Michael Allen Gillespie, modernity, Petrarch

Along with rethinking the term for expressive individualism, I’ve also lately been rethinking the history of the phenomenon. The idea that one should be one’s own true self is part of the air we moderns breathe: we don’t think about it because we assume it. (Some of the deeper thought on the matter comes from Christian conservatives, because they need to think about expressive individualism in order to oppose it.) Very few expressive individualists do the work that they should to defend the ideal philosophically. More attention has been paid to the idea’s history – but this, too, is something that I think we often get wrong.

The big question I want to revisit today is: when does expressive individualism begin? When do people first start thinking that every person has her own unique purpose in her individuality, and that following that purpose is a proper ethical ideal? I’ve argued there are metaphysical precedents for the idea in John Duns Scotus‘s distinction between whatness and thatness, but I don’t think there’s any inkling of individualist ethics in the pious thirteenth-century monk Scotus. Expressive individualism comes later – but how much later?

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Thoughts on MonkTok

12 Sunday Mar 2023

Posted by Amod Lele in Early and Theravāda, Modernized Buddhism, Monasticism, Play, Politics, Self-Discipline

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

Cambodia, music, S.N. Goenka, Thailand, TikTok, vinaya

In my view the most interesting thing about TikTok is the proliferation of subcultural communities that flourish on it – WitchTok, BimboTok, KinkTok, NunTok. The most unfortunate thing about TikTok, conversely – well, aside from the alarming power it gives the Chinese government – is that there is no real way to find these cultures on the platform, you just hear about them on the news. This week, I happened to hear in that way about one such subculture of particular interest to me – and that is MonkTok.

In Cambodia, that is, younger Buddhist monks are now making videos on TikTok and getting famous for them, drawing up to half a million followers. From what little I know about this phenomenon – basically drawn from one article this week – I have mixed feelings about this.

Hak Sienghai, a Buddhist monk with more than 500 000 TikTok followers, according to the Rest of World article that is this image’s source.
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A very brief survey of Latin American philosophy

12 Sunday Feb 2023

Posted by Amod Lele in African Thought, Indigenous American Thought, Metaphilosophy, Place, Politics, Roman Catholicism, Western Thought

≈ 5 Comments

Tags

Alasdair MacIntyre, Auguste Comte, Aztec, Bartolomé de las Casas, Brazil, Brian Tierney, Cantares Mexicanos, gender, Gustavo Gutiérrez, José Enrique Rodó, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, liberation theology, Mayan, Mexico, Pope Francis, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, United States

When one aspires to love all wisdom, one should look for it worldwide – and that task is not easy. Typically, when we philosophers look outside the West, we look above all to Asia. But within the West (at least after the fall of the Roman Empire), we also tend to narrow our focus to the United States and Western Europe, with occasional bones tossed to Canada and Australia. And there’s a lot we miss when we do.

Like Eastern Europe and the Middle East, Latin America is largely a Western culture, even if it has been on the periphery of the West’s overall attention. (Latin America and Eastern Europe each pay more attention to the USA and Western Europe than they pay to each other.) Like Africa, it is a continent-sized region of the world that gets much less philosophical attention than does Asia. Two years ago I gave African philosophy a survey post here – still less than it deserves – but have not yet done the same for Latin America. I’d like to fix that now.

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King’s improvement on Gandhi

15 Sunday Jan 2023

Posted by Amod Lele in Economics, Jainism, Modern Hinduism, Politics, Protestantism

≈ 6 Comments

Tags

Bhagavad Gītā, Boston University, James Doull, Karl Marx, libertarianism, Martin Luther King Jr., Mohandas K. Gandhi, race, Reinhold Niebuhr, slavery, United States, Vinoba Bhave

Tomorrow the United States celebrates a holiday in honour of Martin Luther King, Jr. Boston University, where I work, is always eager to remind everyone that King got his doctorate there. They are not always as eager to remind you that King studied at the School of Theology – and clearly learned his lessons there well, for he was not merely a great activist but a great philosopher.

I have come to know King’s thought through the courses I have taught in BU’s philosophy department – even though the courses were on Indian philosophy. I have nevertheless included King on the syllabus for that class, with guest speakers introducing him to the students, because I wanted to show students the contemporary relevance of Indian philosophy. Specifically, King drew a great deal of his ideas from Gandhi – who was a philosopher-activist like King, and in turn drew on earlier Indian thought like Jainism and the Bhagavad Gītā. It seems to me on reflection, though, that the student surpassed the teacher: that what King said and wrote with Gandhi’s influence was profounder and more valuable than Gandhi’s own thought was in itself.

Martin Luther King Jr.
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Introducing Canadian Hegelianism

04 Sunday Dec 2022

Posted by Amod Lele in German Tradition, Metaphilosophy, Politics

≈ 12 Comments

Tags

20th century, autobiography, Canada, Charles Taylor, Douglas Adams, G.W.F. Hegel, George Grant, James Doull, John Watson, José Enrique Rodó, Queen's University, Robert Sibley, United States

Hegel wrote about Canada just once, in the Lectures on the Philosophy of History, and what he said comes down to: mostly harmless. His main concern in that passage is the future power of the United States; having noted that the poor organization of the American colonies prevented them from conquering Canada, he then adds that Canada and Mexico “present no serious threat” to the US, and then moves on. It is scarcely more consideration than Voltaire’s dismissal of Canada as “a few acres of snow”; like the fictional Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy discussing Earth, Hegel pauses on Canada only long enough to say “you don’t need to worry about it.”

And yet, as Robert Sibley notes in beginning his fascinating Northern Spirits, English Canadian philosophers have had a deep, abiding and continuing interest in Hegel, unrequited as it may be – an interest not generally shared by other countries in the anglophone West. Canadian Hegelianism turns out to be its own philosophical tradition – one that’s played a significant role in my own philosophical formation. It is only in the 21st century that people like Sibley have started writing about this Canadian Hegelianism, but it’s been around for longer.

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On getting a religious exemption

11 Sunday Sep 2022

Posted by Amod Lele in Indigenous American Thought, Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, Politics

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

drugs, law, religion, United States

Longtime readers will know I don’t have much patience for the concept of “religion”. I continue to endorse the various critiques I’ve made in the past: the concept of “religion” confuses more than it clarifies. And yet as it turns out, I owe the concept of “religion” a favour.

What do I mean by that? I mean that I recently got a valuable and important opportunity which I don’t think I could have undertaken if the concept of “religion” didn’t exist.

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A tribute to Michael Jerryson

28 Sunday Aug 2022

Posted by Amod Lele in Early and Theravāda, Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, Modernized Buddhism, Place, Politics, Social Science

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Engaged Buddhism, Michael Jerryson, obituary, Sallie King, Thailand

I only recently became aware that Michael Jerryson passed away last year – far too young, barely older than myself. I would like to offer my tribute to him here.

Michael Jerryson (1974-2021)

I knew Michael personally because of a wonderful biannual invite-only conference that brings together scholars of Buddhist ethics. He and I certainly clashed, for he would claim that scholars – even in ethics! – should not themselves be taking normative positions. I am not exactly friendly to that view. But the debates themselves were friendly and warm, as they should be – and as Michael himself was.

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Against racialization

31 Sunday Jul 2022

Posted by Amod Lele in Politics

≈ 21 Comments

Tags

identity, Ku Klux Klan, Nell Irvin Painter, race, Thomas Chatterton Williams, W.E.B. Du Bois

The previous post may do something to help explain why I am alarmed by a view now current among the new movement. That is the view that we human beings should racialize ourselves more than we currently have done.

It has now become ubiquitous style to capitalize “Black” in a racial sense, putting a stronger emphasis on racial identity than the lowercase did. Several activists, like the respected historian Nell Irvin Painter in the Washington Post, go still further, to advocate that we capitalize “White” as well. Painter’s reasoning on this point is striking enough that it’s worth quoting at length:

However much you might see yourself as an individual, if you’re black, you also have to contend with other people’s views. W.E.B. Du Bois summed this up as “twoness,” as seeing yourself as yourself but also knowing that other people see you as a black person. You don’t have to be a black nationalist to see yourself as black.

In contrast, until quite recently white Americans rarely saw themselves as raced — as white. Most of them, anyway. The people who have embraced “white” as a racial identity have been white nationalists, Ku Klux Klansmen and their ilk. Thanks to President Trump, white nationalists are more visible than ever in our public spaces.

But that group does not determine how most white people see themselves. Instead, in terms of racial identity, white Americans have had the choice of being something vague, something unraced and separate from race. A capitalized “White” challenges that freedom, by unmasking “Whiteness” as an American racial identity as historically important as “Blackness” — which it certainly is.

No longer should white people be allowed the comfort of this racial invisibility; they should have to see themselves as raced. Being racialized makes white people squirm, so let’s racialize them with that capital W.

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My post-racial life

17 Sunday Jul 2022

Posted by Amod Lele in Politics

≈ 3 Comments

Tags

autobiography, Canada, Ibram X. Kendi, identity, Ireland, Leo Varadkar, Martin Luther King Jr., race

While I think it is important not to pretend our society is post-racial or colour-blind now, I insist on the importance of colour-blindness (in a racial sense) as a future ideal to strive for. And I maintain that the ideal of a colour-blind society, a post-racial world, is not a pipe dream. How do I know that? Because I’ve lived it.

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The 1502 project

03 Sunday Jul 2022

Posted by Amod Lele in Place, Politics

≈ 9 Comments

Tags

Aztec, identity, Juan Garrido, Mexico, Nikole Hannah-Jones, race, slavery, Spain, United States

Who was the first person of African descent – the first black person – to set foot in the Americas? In what capacity did that person come, and when?

If you have been in the United States or otherwise following American debates in the past few years, you might call to mind the 1619 Project, led by Nikole Hannah-Jones at the New York Times, which aims to tell an “alternate origin story” for the United States, focused on African-Americans. That story begins in 1619 with the arrival of African-descended slaves in the colony of Virginia. So you might think that the first black people in the Americas, or at least in the United States, were these slaves who arrived in 1619.

You would be wrong.

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